Science Communication in the Olden Days
In the "olden days", word of science reached the public via the media. This is a picture of how it worked:
On the left are the scientists bustling away in their labs and offices inside universities and research institutes. Up the top you’ll see two scientists who have come out to communicate with the public. In the middle is the media – an efficient mechanism that filters and processes science for public consumption. ‘The public’ on the right is a large homogenous mass that consumes media to stay informed.The media has quite different values to scientists. Journalists are instructed by their editors to gather stories that will “Wow” their readers so they’re on the lookout for sex, scandals, breakthroughs, human-interest stories and really cute pictures of animals. When scientists read their articles in the tearooms of universities and research institutes they curse and bewail the ‘dumbing down’ and misrepresentation of science.
“Why don’t people value science more?” they cry. “Why don’t they understand?”Social Media - A Saviour is Born!
It is wonderfully poetic that inside one of these science institutes a saviour was born! The Internet! On 6 August 1991 the World Wide Web project was first publicised by CERN, the pan-European organization for particle research and home of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Fast forward twenty years and we find that the internet has revolutionised the media.
This is what it looks like now: Social networking tools like facebook, Twitter and blogging have robbed the mainstream media of their gatekeeper status! Suddenly there’s no such thing as ‘the public’ – just millions of individuals with unique interests and personalities woven together into complex networks. Ideas can turn into epidemics overnight as they flow through the networks.What Does Social Media Mean for Scientists?
Social Media has given everyone the ability to be a newsmaker - including scientists. Recently I wrote a blog encouraging scientists to come out from their institutions and engage with society. I reckon this the perfect opportunity!
Instead of complaining about the media misrepresentation of science they can do it themselves! The responsibility is now on scientists to create their own public image and persuade society of the importance and relevance of science.There's no such thing as 'the public' so scientists don't have to communicate to everyone. They can use social media to develop purposeful relationships with specific group and sectors.
Social Media and Science - A Perfect Match!
Where "old-fashioned" media valued sex, scandals and breakthroughs, social media seems to have more enlightened values:
• Real human relationships (no one wants to talk to a machine or an institution)What do you think?
I think it’s fair to say, science doesn’t have the best image. I asked a couple of friends what came to mind when they thought of scientists. Here are some of their comments:
“Bearded men with odd dress sense”“No sense of humour”“Boring and slightly bewildering to talk to”“They work far away putting tiny drops of things into test-tubes”“They wear anoraks”“Socially awkward”“Einstein”“Geek”Oh dear! If this is what people think of scientists no wonder the science community isn’t thriving with cross-sector collaboration! Scientists aren’t seen as the most attractive, approachable characters. At the same time, science has a position of great authority in society. All you need is a label saying “scientifically proven” or “recognised by the scientific community” to gain the trust of consumers. Politicians, media, new age hippies and consumer companies alike refer to science for answers, authority and guidance. In fact, you could say that science has become the Church of the modern world.Once upon a time we looked to the Church for guidance. Now we look to science. As the guardians and high priests of this Holy Church of Science, scientists have the power to bestow blessings on products, ideas or beliefs.
Like Latin Mass in the Catholic Church – the utterings of scientists are mysterious and inexplicable. But what happened to the rebel roots of science? Hundreds of years ago science emerged as a rebellious challenger to the dominance of Religion and the Church. Gutsy rebel scientists like Galileo were imprisoned for making 'heretical' suggestions like the earth rotates around the sun. Nowadays scientists like Richard Dawkins dismiss other belief systems with almost religious fervour. They behave like grumpy priests defending their authority. If science is going to play its full part in society I reckon scientists need to step down from the Holy Church of Science and engage with other cultures and communities in a really open-minded and non-judgmental way. I don't mean to challenge the power and importance of science. In fact want to do the opposite. If scientists learn to communicate and tell stories about science, explain how it works and why it can be trusted, ask questions and share personal experiences they are much more likely to win people's hearts and imaginations. The really exciting thing is that this is happening already. A couple of weeks ago we found out that the three most trusted people in New Zealand are all scientists – Ray Avery, Peter Gluckman and Paul Callaghan. They didn’t get there by hiding in the lab! All three of these inspiring men are warm, open-minded, courageous, socially engaged and brilliant at communicating. They are also inspiring a generation of young scientists to follow their example. I find this extremely encouraging! Perhaps the walls of the Church are finally crumbling…Aim for the highest! That was our motto at the high decile girls school I attended from age ten to seventeen. We were encouraged to do our very best in all our subjects - especially the academic ones.
Of course, aiming for the highest really depends what you put at the top. Sometimes I got the feeling it was money.My year group was clearly a bright bunch. At our final prize-giving the headmistress read out the names of each 7th former along with the career path we'd decided to pursue… "Law, Law, Law, Medicine, Law, Law…"
Out of sixty or so girls there were only a couple doing science or engineering.I've only recently thought about the significance of this - what it means for our country. Lawyers and doctors are undoubtedly useful but they won't create a new economy or make NZ "The Place Talent Wants to Live" as NZr of the year Paul Callaghan has envisioned. They could be considered ambulances at the bottom of the cliff. In fact young lawyers and doctors can do better overseas in the UK, US or Oz where the salaries and opportunities are higher. As Paul Callaghan has urged we need more people following their creative passion - developing niche enterprises in the high-tech and creative industries.So…What would the country look like if we updated the success pyramid? Wouldn't it be exciting if young Kiwis were encouraged to become innovators, creative entrepreneurs, engineers and scientists? That's a worthy challenge for the brightest young minds! To me, this is an inspiring thought. When I was at school I had so much passion, enthusiasm and idealism. I would have lapped up the opportunity to serve my country in a way that allowed my creativity to flourish.I've always wanted to return to my school and give a speech on "Aiming for the Highest". This would be my new interpretation!My friend Larry came up to me the other night.
“I liked your blog," he said, "but I have one objection."
“What's that?” I asked.“It’s all very well to talk about the importance of science and communication…”“mm?”“But you didn’t mention engineers.”“Oh”“I’m an engineer you see.”“Ah… Sorry about that.”“In New Zealand we’ve had an imbalance for years. We've got lots of scientists playing around in labs,” Larry explained, “But not enough engineers and even fewer manufacturers.”“Japan is the opposite,” he continued. “They have loads of manufacturers and engineers and fewer scientists and they’re very successful. You only need a few small science ideas to start an industry.”
Larry's comments got me thinking. I'd been unconsciously lumping science and engineering together. What is the difference?
I asked my chemist friend Vlatco.
“Scientists look for knowledge and engineers make stuff that works," he explained. "But they are more skill-sets than separate professions. Lots of scientists do both."
Science is all about exploration - pulling new knowledge from the dark unknown. Engineering is problem-solving – applying the wild discoveries of science to real life problems.We talk about science being the key to lifting our economy and tackling problems like climate change but without engineering (and manufacturing) how useful is it?
I was wondering about this when I went to Paul Callaghan’s incredibly inspiring lecture last Thursday - “New Zealand: The Place Talent Wants to Live.” You might not think of NZ as an ideal place for manufacturing but Paul has pretty much convinced me it is. The high-tech industry is already NZ’s third biggest export earner. That’s proof we can do it. Compared to our land-based industries its effect on the environment is miniscule – we’re making tiny niche products for overseas markets not cars or TVs. We get to export our creativity and brainpower rather than nutrients from the soil, coal and minerals. High-tech science-based companies would create lots of interesting jobs for graduates. They'd pay taxes which we could use for all kinds of goodies – healthcare, housing, light-rail…It’s something to think about anyway!
You can watch this youtube video to hear Paul's argument in full.
As promised, here’s my plan for the next year and a bit:
And here (to explain the plan) is my project statement:
firstly...What’s the point in the PM’s Science Communication Prize?My take is that the PM introduced the Science Prizes to address a few problems in New Zealand. Although we work hard and have some of the best education and science systems in the world“to further the recipient’s knowledge, capability and understanding of science media communication.”
When the Royal Society (who administer the prizes) handed me a blank canvas to design my own program of activities, I faced the question:
What knowledge, capability and understanding will I need to contribute to this vision for New Zealand?There were countless paths I could take. I needed a plan that responded to the country's needs while drawing on my particular strengths and passions. I spent ages analysing the media, seeking advice, researching and reflecting. I was particularly inspired by Malcolm Gladwell’s book “ The Tipping Point” that describes how social phenomena (like smoking, crime and hush puppy shoes) spread like epidemics through populations. He pointed to the influencial role key individuals play. I liked the idea of creating a social epidemic of science enthusiasm!To do this I’d need to expand my understanding and circle of influence beyond the science community. In March 2010 this is what my sphere of work looked like: And this is what I wanted it to look like at the end of the PM project adventure:After much consideration I decided to start by focusing on social networking.
Why social networking?In January 2012 I will start preparing for the inevitable transition back to normal life. I’ll be looking for opportunities to use the knowledge, capability and understanding I’ve gained to contribute to a social epidemic of science enthusiasm.
Within this overarching plan there is, of course, plenty of flexibility to respond to opportunities that arise and learnings that happen.
6 minutes and 40 seconds, 20 slides, 20 seconds per slide. That’s how long I had to describe my journey in science and spirituality to 250 people at Downstage theatre a couple of weeks ago. It was the Pecha Kucha Science Sessions, a rapid-fire presentation evening that I co-curated with Christine Harper from Landcare Research. We gathered together thirteen scientists, including NZr of the year Paul Callaghan, Geologist Hamish Campbell and Green candidate Sea Rotmann, to talk for 6 minutes and 40 seconds about what inspires them most. It was a such a great evening. The presentations were inspiring, funny and fascinating and the event was so popular we had to turn 40 people away.
For me, the whole evening was confirmation that science and the arts (and even spirituality) really can go together and confirmed that my approach to science communication and the work I've been doing is working. It was the first time I'd brought the scientific and spiritual aspects of my life together in a public way and the response from the audience was so positive and affirming, it’s given me a boost of confidence to keep going.
My presentation took ages to prepare. There were so many cobwebs around my memories. At first I couldn't for the life of me remember why I studied physics when my best subject was art; why I felt so desperate in physics labs; what I was so inspired about when I was 15, why I became a science communicator… but slowly it came back - reading old diaries and trying to remember what I felt like at age 4, 10, 15, 20... The process unearthed all these buried creative urges. I started drawing to try explain my thoughts (something I haven’t done since high-school). Slowly, as the story unravelled I became aware of this thread of inspiration running through my life - the best word I could find to describe it was "Atman".
So, here it is, my Pecha Kucha Presentation:
“Atman – A life-time Inspiration”
Atman is an ancient Sanskrit word that means "your true self", "the universal spirit" or “everybody’s secret”.
I came across the word when I was 4 in my first class at the School of Philosophy. Sitting with “Uncle Norman”, a lovely old carpenter with white hair, who explained how the whole universe is contained in our hearts and how the same Atman that is our true self is also the true self of everything else – people, animals, plants. So, we should always do good things for others and stay in the present moment where the light of the Atman is shining.When I was 10 I learnt to meditate. I was very strict and made sure my whole family meditated every morning and evening. As a teenager, my friends and I were inspired by the Italian Renaissance. We wanted to start one of our own. It would unite art, culture, science and spirituality and spread all over the world reconciling conflicts.
At night I spent hours on the roof of my house – fascinated by the space between the stars. I spoke with the moon, my deep soul friend. At these times I felt intoxicated by the magnificence of the universe and the whole valley seemed to pulse with hidden significance, with spirit – Atman.
This is my art teacher ripping my painting in two. I never understood why she did it and when it happened I felt like my heart got sat on. It seemed to be a common experience. I was really inspired by art, poetry and history but my grades were so dependent on my teacher’s opinions.
Science was something I could hold on to. Science and maths were reliable, honest and consistent. The laws of nature could be the judge and they wouldn’t let me down like my art and history teachers had.
I was also captivated by the way physics seemed to uncover the hidden significance in Nature. The fact that one law, like gravity, connected so many things– birds threading through the sky, planets orbiting, leaves falling. This was magic. Science provided the structure, Atman sparkled through and the whole thing was an artistic expression.
When I went to university I made it my mission to reunite science and the arts – the long lost friends. I planned to start with physics, to give me a solid grounding, then move towards art bringing them together as I go.
I fell in love with physics but studying it at uni felt like chasing a carrot that was always a centimetre away from my grasp. There was never time to focus on one topic long enough for it to soak in, to make connections and really understand it.
I remember once running out of a lab screaming. I wasn’t very technical so while my lab partner whipped around with wires and twiddled knobs and I often sat by feeling frustrated. We were always in a hurry to get to the result (which was already in the text book) so there wasn’t much sense of discovery.
I also felt stifled by the language we had to use. We had to strip all the personal pronouns out. So it wasn’t “I put the mass on the scales”. It had to be “the mass was placed on the scales”. There was no room for people, descriptions or humour.
By the end of my degree I felt defeated. I’d glimpsed something really magical then had it whipped away. I was also bursting with creative urges. Fortunately, I met Paul Callaghan, the Director of the new MacDiarmid Institute. He gave me a job travelling around the country interviewing scientists and writing about their research.
Finally I found a way into the magic. I didn’t have to do it myself. I could find it in others. It was like a treasure hunt. At first the research often sounded boring. But then I’d discover what the scientist was really passionate about. I’d follow that sense of spirit like a lead to the essence of the story. It was so satisfying to see their delight at having their story reflected back with them – the person – put back in. I felt so encouraged I went to the UK to do a Masters in Science Communication. We studied the habits and customs of scientists as if they were an indigenous tribe from an unknown land. We looked at history, philosophy, sociology and ethics and I realised that many science customs are just quirks of history and culture.Up till this point the scientist and spiritual parts of me had been minding their own business. During my Masters they began to talk and sometimes argue. This was disturbing. I wanted to reconcile this conflict. I also wondered whether it might reflect a wider conflict in society. So, in my dissertation I explored these questions.
Have you heard this story: a bunch of blind people go to visit an elephant. The one who touches the tail thinks: "mmm, an elephant is like a rope"; the one who touches the ear thinks "Hmm an elephant's like a fan"; the one by the leg thinks it’s like pillar and so on. Later they get into such an argument about what an elephant's like they end up bashing each other. This seemed to explain the conflict between scinece and spirituality well.
I wanted to see the whole elephant. So I started exploring. I toured the UK with a maths circus, directed a play for the Edinburgh Fringe, sang in bars, made podcasts of London tourist trails, hung out with Hari Krishnas and taught really naughty London kids science and Maths using creative dance.
When I got home to NZ everything started coming together. The barriers between people seemed lower. Things seemed small enough and flexible enough to change. I felt a strong connection with the science community. Then was awarded the PM’s science communication prize – a huge opportunity to work towards my dream.
When I look back I recognise that every stage of my journey there's been a search for Atman- that common spirit connecting people, ideas and cultures. I hope that all the experience I have gained will help me be that bridge between cultures. Who knows, there may be a Renaissance yet – there certainly seems to be something brewing.
When I set off on October the 10th last year I had imagined myself travelling care-free around the country – like the Topp twins when they toured NZ on a tractor; or the band Sigur Ros when they returned to Iceland and gave free concerts in villages.
But, to find people to go and visit I had to look on the internet. In poured a multitude of possibilities - conferences, online networks, discussion forums, blogs… All fiercely interesting. New worlds in the arts, environmental sector, business, innovation, technology... I went to several conferences. I swapped hats and shoes. Pretty soon I began to feel overwhelmed by the scope of my mission and all the information coming at me. I saw so many possibilities for my future. Everyone I met made suggestions. I made sure I didn’t commit to anything (this being my research phase) but I began to feel anxious that people would be expecting to see results from the Prime Minister’s Prize. With all these underground expectations and decisions, when it came to Christmas I exploded. Fortunately my brother Justin, who happens to be a professional project coach, was there to help. He pointed out that I’d been trying to do too many things at once. I needed more focus. So, over the next few weeks Justin and I put together a “Project Adventure Plan” (his words) with clear objectives and criteria for making decisions. We re-framed the Project Adventure in terms of my personal development and suddenly the question of what to do seemed simple.To John Key for the PM’s Prize;
To my brother Justin for directing my explosion into a “Project Adventure Plan”;
To Sav for helping me translate ideas into To Do lists;
To Shaun Hendy for sorting me out an office at Uni;
To Paul Callaghan for being a constant source of inspiration;
And to everyone else around me for being so massively encouraging.
“The most beautiful clothing I can wear is the river.”
Those words have lingered in my mind after our waka voyage on the Whanganui River last Friday. Spoken by Hemi our barrel-chested young Maori guide as he welcomed us to “our river”.
The voyage began at the Putiki boat ramp, a couple of kilometres up from the mouth of the Whanganui River. We were welcomed with karakia and hongi to keep us safe, give thanks and bring us together as one.
Paddling down a river seemed an unlikely way to begin a symposium on digital arts and no mention was made about the connection – just a brief lesson on waka paddling and we were off…
water
wind
rustling trees
Hemi’s shouts
birds
paddle stroke
paddle stroke
salt water splashing,
salt on lips,
stretching muscles,
paddle stroke
paddle stroke
paddling together
coming into unison.
The day was windy and the water rough. We had to work hard against the tide and wind. I could feel the blood flowing through my body, my muscles working. To our right we crept past an industrial region – factories, concrete, trucks. Ahead of us a pink cement mixer passed over the motorway bridge, one way, then back again.
paddle stroke
paddle stroke
against the wind and tide
the scene slowly transforming
Finally we passed underneath the bridge into a calm stretch of water sheltered by a little island in the river. We came to rest by the bank - three wakas huddled together under a tree… listening to stories of the river from our three Maori guides.
Michael, a longhaired Maori man with calm demeanour and laughing eyes, asked us to put our hands in the water as we listened. He spoke about “our river” and “our mountain”, pointing up the valley to Mount Ruapehu covered in snow. He used the Maori word, pepeha to describe these “places of reference for the soul”. He asked us to think of our places of reference – it could be an actual place, a far away friend or family; places or people that give our lives meaning, that we belong to and navigate by.
Hanna spoke about the ecology of the river, describing species of fish, crayfish, fresh water muscles, birds, native plants. As she spoke the scene around us came to life – an intricate network of relationships and personalities. The river is sick, she explained. See how cloudy it is? That’s soil. It runs off from farmland into the river and prevents fish from seeing and breathing. The water is so warm this year that fish are dying. It heats up in streams running over bare farmland. Hemi pointed out a white residue on the side of our waka. “You can thank the meat factory down the river for that,” he said. “They dump their waste from fatty meat patties straight in the river.” A dairy factory wanted to dump their waste in the river too. They figured it was already dirty so it wouldn’t make much difference. They presented statistics and economic arguments but forgot about the real significance and importance of the river.
Sitting there in the waka, with the river flowing through my fingers, I thought about my pepeha; my points of reference for the soul – Island Bay, the south coast of Wellington; how I used to stare out of the back window of the car when I was little, till the last peep of ocean disappeared behind the hill; how my heart came to rest when I arrived home and settled on that same coast after three years in London. The feeling of standing on Traverse pass in the Nelson lakes listening to the ancient mountain quiet all around; sitting by a fire at Makara beach watching the sun go down.
These are the reasons I came back to New Zealand. These are places I feel most myself – creative and connected. Space, land, sea, quiet reverence. Through this journey I wanted to discover the magic of Aotearoa. But as I sat in the waka I realised that I’ve spent most of my journey staring at a computer screen. I’ve been hooking into social networks, reading blogs, tweets, connecting with people and ideas, taking more in, producing less and doing less physical activity. I have been viewing New Zealand from the fixed perspective of the seat in front of my computer – my little portal on the world.
This sense of contradiction was bubbling into a feeling crisis. Social networking is connecting me with inspiring new worlds of people and ideas but it’s pushing me to spend more and more time at my computer, less time face to face and less time in the environments that inspire my own creativity and groundedness. I realised I haven’t been happy sitting at my desk all day. I’ve felt overwhelmed by this techno-social virtual world.
In the waka everything is real. The point where the paddles meet the water – that’s real. Physical transformation of energy from chemical potential in our muscles to kinetic energy and heat. The splash of the oar. The connection is real. The scenery is three dimensional. The smells are real. The taste of salt is real. The connection with the people around me is real.
The experience was transformative for the whole group. After the waka journey the atmosphere had completely changed…
One participant reflected on how her dominant self had less extra energy in the waka.
“There’s a power shift,” she said, “from the self to the collective."
"We’ve been reclothed. It’s a very tender reclothing that happens on the river – Collective reclothing. There’s a like-mindedness that comes from that.”
“How do we hold that space?” she asked.
In the afternoon we retreated to a gallery in town to discuss our experience. Immediately the atmosphere shifted to an intellectual and analyticial realm.
John Hopkins, the American artist facilitating the workshop, spoke about changing our point of view to focus on energy and flows rather than objects. Could we centre our identity on the flows and interactions with the people and environment around us, rather than our personal selves?
He suggested that encounters with other people are one of the central purposes of life and that technology emerges as soon as you have an encounter with ‘the other’.
“Language,” he suggested, “was one of the first technologies.”
Like all technologies it allows for both communication and misunderstanding.
“You always lose some energy across the gap when you dialogue with the other,” he asserted.
He spoke about how, over the last 150 years, the techno-social system has become more and more layered, complicated and global; how technology intervenes in almost all our encounters. Now, to engage with each other, we have to spend time and energy on computers and cell phones, in planes and cars. He suggested that the more complex the techno-social system, the more energy and resources it needs to keep it going - that means more oil, coal and minerals – more extractive industries that upset local environmental systems and flows.
“If you want to depower that system you take your life energy and time away from those things,” he suggests.
By sheer contrast our experience on the river had exposed the quality of our daily lives, our unconscious habits and lack of groundedness. It posed a deep sense of questioning in the room: What are we using technology for? How can we find more balance and groundedness in our work? How do we reconcile the burdens of technology with the benefits of communication and connection?
It seemed a bizarre way to begin a symposium on digital arts at first but in retrospect it was perfect. Our experience on the river had given us a fresh perspective – a new space in which to meet and view our work, our technology and our selves.
A couple of nights ago I arrived home from the Aotearoa Digital Arts Symposium in Wanganui. I never expected the experience to catalyse such a shift in me. Whether it was the constant presence of the river, our waka journey, conversation, reflection, I'm not sure. But I've returned with a longing to write poetry and to connect with the flow of the natural world around me; to step back from rational arguments and intellectual discussion for a moment. I feel the artist, or poet, in me waking up. This first poem was inspired by a growing sense of commonality between art and science.
An artist
A scientist
Two explorers
who walk outside and in the shards of light filtering through cloud
see more
see layers
of meaning, of mystery
subterranean worlds to burrow
for hidden treasure - barely seen
but intuitively known
connections beneath perception
Scientist
Artist
Awake to things
The world is asleep to
Awakening dreams –
of molecules
a billionth the width of a human
hair
poised in vast space –
turning, vibrating
dreams
of atomic nuclei
smaller than imagination - spinning
like tops
engaged in eternal dance
dreams of light
transforming particles of water
into gold
evoking dimensions of human
metaphor
and memory
I have always been
a scientist
and an artist
yearning to live in a living world
with no edges
where I move from moment to moment
feeling for depth
seeing in falling leaves
a dance of gravity, friction, form
and mass
and a metaphor
for surrender
a lesson for life – how to be
gentle and flexible
I have always been
an artist
and a scientist
happiest away from the crowd
burrowing down some new hole
having found something more compelling
than money
or friends
following a sense
of intuition
connection
paradox
rummaging through structures of reason
for hidden assumptions –
exact points of contradiction
glitches
in the system we live in – fashion, money, belief
the matter we stand on – solid, energy, space
I am always
longing
for the illusion of reality to dissolve
so we stand
in the presence of life itself
cracked open
wide eyed